Standing with Sluts

slut

By Hugo Schwyzer

On April 3rd, 2011, the world’s first “Slut Walk” took place on the chilly streets of Toronto, Canada. The official site is here. The march was organized in response to the infuriating remarks of a police constable, who told a safety workshop at a Canadian university that “women should avoid dressing like sluts in order not to be victimized.” (The officer has apologized, but it’s evident that his trogolodytic view of sex and responsibility remains widely held.)

I’ve written many times in support of women’s right to wear what they want in public without fear of harassment or harm. This includes both revealing and concealing clothing; I’ve written in favor of the right to go topless in public and in opposition to bans on headscarves and burqas.

There are so many things that trouble me about the obsession with regulating women’s bodies. But as a man, I am particularly exasperated at the assumption that lies beneath the insistence on modesty: the myth that men cannot control themselves. As feminists often point out, the real “man-haters” are those who promote modest dress for women out of the belief that men lack self-control. There is nothing more contemptuous than the suggestion that those of us with penises and Y chromosomes are prisoners of our biology, liable to rape or commit infidelity at the first sign of cleavage. The myth of male weakness sells us woefully, heartbreakingly short.

I honor SlutWalk for many reasons. But I appreciate one assumption that the organizers made in particular. Though what constitutes “slutty” clothing is obviously open to debate, SlutWalkers believe in men’s capacity to do two things at once: be aroused by what we see while honoring the humanity of the woman whose body attracts our eye. The most pernicious of all lies about men is that because of our make-up, lust and empathy can’t coexist within us. If you want kind and compassionate men who will respect women’s boundaries, the myth suggests, those women will have to conceal the parts of themselves that will turn men bestial and irresponsible.

We present women with a brutal binary: hide your sexuality and be respected; show your sexuality and be slut-shamed, harassed, or worse. But if ever there were a false dichotomy, rooted in ignorance about male identity, male biology, and male potential, this is it. While none of us want to live in a culture where women are compelled to display those parts of themselves they’d like to keep private, none of us should settle for living in a society where women are compelled to conceal those parts of themselves they’d occasionally like to display.

Men rape and harass not because of biological imperative but because of cultural permission. To paraphrase George W. Bush, we treat men with the “soft bigotry of low expectations.” Of course, the real price for those low expectations is paid by women, who become responsible for managing and redirecting what we refuse to expect men to manage for themselves.

As a feminist, as a man, and as a father to a daughter, I stand with the “sluts of Toronto” – and with women everywhere who demand the right to be treated with decency regardless of their attire.

Originally posted on HugoSchwyzer.net; Cross-posted with permission.

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The “Mi Pobre Hijo” Syndrome

Image via Latina Fatale

Image via Latina Fatale

By Latina Fatale

As feminists we often hear about patriarchy, sexism, and how women have been oppressed by men. We talk less about how women also perpetuate patriarchy by reinforcing sexism and stereotypical notions about gender roles. Even women who have managed to raise strong, independent daughters may be guilty of having different expectations for their sons. I like to call this syndrome the mi pobre hijo (my poor son) syndrome.

Not too long ago my boyfriend, his mother and I were sitting at the kitchen table chatting about his brother having just placed a bid on a foreclosed house. His mother gave me an apple to eat and I stood up to wash it off at the kitchen sink. As I was standing there, she said, “Oh, mi’jo [my son] wants a plate of food”.

I turned around to look at him because we had just eaten prior to going to her house. He stared at me with a smirk on his face, because I’m sure that he was well aware that shit was going to soon hit the fan and sparks were going to start flying. He knows that I can’t stand the mi pobre hijo syndrome.

I said, “We just ate. He doesn’t want anything”.

She said, “Oh, yes he does. I know he does. He needs a plate of food.”

You’ve got to be kidding me.

I said, “If he’s hungry he can make a plate for himself”.

She said, “Oh, mi pobre hijo!!! (my poor son). You don’t even care if he starves to death.”

I flipped around and told her, “Your pobre hijo just ate and isn’t going to starve to death. Your pobre hijo is almost forty years old and if he wants something to eat, he can get it”.

I sat there for another twenty minutes and listened to her whine about whether or not I would ever marry her son, how we should live together, when will we ever have children, why will I not baptize my children with her religion if we ever decide to have children, and so on.

It’s not that I am opposed to giving my boyfriend a plate of food. I’m just opposed to treating a grown ass man as if he is a young, spoiled child.

This kind of mentality has been shoved down my throat since I was a small child. My mother was a strong and feisty woman who was a single mother. I can remember being so small that I had to use a chair to wash dishes when I asked my mother for the first time why my brother never had to help with the housework. “You need to learn to take care of yourself because sometimes men will leave. Men, on the other hand, will always have a woman to take care of them. It’s like they are children,” she said.

Even as young as eight years of age, I knew that it just wasn’t fair. “Why don’t you teach your son to be different then?” I can remember thinking, as I stood up on the chair washing dishes as a young child.

Over the years I have seen this happen over and over again with women in my family and even feminist friends. I’ve seen far too many women treat far too many young boys and men as if they are invalids and young children. My mother frequently laments about “Oh poor him” when talking about something that my brother has to do that I could have done blindfolded. I’ve heard far too many conversations between women about how their grown husband is like “having another child”. When women treat young boys as if they are invalids or a “golden child”, are we really surprised that so many of them grow up to be sexist men?

As a woman, did your parents ever have different expectations for you than they did for your brothers? If you have sons, have you ever found yourself reinforcing the pobre hijo syndrome? Where is the fine line between nurturing sons and coddling them?

Original post found at Latina Fatale. Cross-posted with permission.

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Why Moms of Boys Need to Care About the Body Image of Girls

boywithmom

By Dara Chadwick

Originally posted on Psychology Today; cross-posted with permission

Today’s girls are likely the future partners of our sons.

If you’re a regular reader of this [Psychology Today] blog, you know that I write often about mothers, daughters and body image. I get many questions from moms of girls – the most common being, “How can I help my daughter feel good about herself?”

I’ve got a daughter of my own, and I face many of the same issues that my readers face. I’ve also got friends who have only sons, and many of them confide that they’re glad they don’t have to deal with the “drama” – particularly around body image – that often surrounds girls.

Ah, but they do. I daresay that mothers of sons need to be just as concerned about the body image and self-esteem of the girls in their son’s circle as the moms of those girls do.

Why?

Well, think about it. Healthy self-esteem and self-respect are the foundation for healthy relationships. Today’s girls are likely the future partners of our sons

When girls don’t feel good about who they are or the bodies they live in, they’ll sometimes act out in unhealthy ways: Drinking or using drugs to mask their pain, smoking cigarettes in an attempt to stay thin or even engaging in promiscuous behavior to prove to themselves – and the world, in their eyes – that they’re worthy of love and attention.

And they’re often not alone in this acting-out behavior: Our sons are with them.

Beyond acting-out behavior, too, is the confusion that boys sometimes feel about the way girls act. Sometimes, I’ll look over and see a look of bewilderment in my son’s eyes in response to something my daughter has said or done. I don’t like to generalize, but sometimes, boys just don’t understand the loathing that many girls feel toward their bodies. You can hear it in a song by singer Bruno Mars - one in which he sings: “I know, I know, when I compliment her she won’t believe me. And it’s sad, so sad, to think that she don’t see what I see.”

We all have a stake in raising a generation of daughters – and sons – who feel good about who they are.

Dara Chadwick the author of You’d Be So Pretty If…:Teaching Our Daughters to Love Their Bodies—Even When We Don’t Love Our Own.

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Deconstructing Kanye’s “Monster”

BirthofNation
BirthofNation

From the Film "Birth of a Nation"

By Pia Guerrero, Founder and Co-Editor

Last week we posted a petition calling to stop the official release of Kanye West’s “Monster” video for its eroticized depictions of death and extreme violence against women.  Since then news of the video and our petition to MTV and Universal Music has gained momentum causing bloggers and commentators to weigh in across the web. We have received enormous support for our efforts, but we have also, as expected, gotten some criticism. While some believe we are reacting too strongly and naively trying to censor free speech, others believe Kanye is making an artistic statement about racism and the Black man’s experience.

From our blog Elizabeth Welsh comments,

“I think the video is much more about criticizing constructions of black masculinity (black men as monsters/hyper violent) than it is a depiction of senseless violence against women. Note that most of dead women are white.”

This could very well be Kanye’s point. In the video the limp bodies of dead white women hang from chains, their dangling silouettes echoing the strange fruit of lynched Black male bodies that once hung from trees–Black bodies that served to warn other Black men to stay in their place for a mere glance at a white woman would land them in the same position.

Is this Kanye’s way of showing that the Black man has “arrived” to power and can–and presumably will–physically dominate white women, just like the Mandingo stereotype white slave owners created? Is he saying I’m damned if I do and I’m damned if I don’t, so here I’m gonna give you the “monster” that you expect of me anyway?  If this video were shown in a gallery where art critics and theorists could bring a background of history and art to inform their analysis,  I’d consider some other meaning. But this video is aimed at young people.

According to MTV cable network profile:

Young adults turn to MTV to get the answers. From fashion, lifestyle and sports to attitudes, politics and trends, only MTV offers what’s consistently fresh, honest and groundbreaking…MTV is their source, confidante, sounding board, partner and much more.

Just as women and girls are confined by the media’s singular ideal of beauty and gender, Black men and boys are imprisoned (literally and figuratively) by the violent, hypersexualized notion of masculinity. An ideal where masculinity lives as a thug, rapist, murderer and savage.

Both these depictions of sexuality in the video center around violence and impact how young people not only view each other, but how they view themselves.  Whatever Kanye’s point, he fails miserably to move the conversation around race forward. We believe it is up to the public to demand more frequent, accurate and diverse representations of women and men of all races and backgrounds. Today, on Martin Luther King’s birthday, I wish I could say that one of the most successful Black artists of our time positively contributed to African Americans being judged by the content of their character not by the color of their skin.

Read how our petition made an impact: A Monster Success!

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Adios, Superman?

Superman in 1941

By Crystal Smith

Superman in 1941

Superman in 1941

Chris Godsey, author of the article “Men & Body Image,” notes that body image is no longer an exclusive female problem. Believing that we can fix body image issues he asks, “Where do we start?” In answer to his question, I say we begin by looking at the toys and media images that surround our young sons—specifically superheroes and action figures.

The issue of male body image is not an entirely new one. Since the time of Charles Atlas in the 1930s and 1940s men have aspired to a more muscular physique. (See how Charles Atlas’ ads cajoled men into trying his fitness regimen by calling them “skinny” and “weaklings.”) The trend continues today but the age at which body dissatisfaction first occurs has dropped.

Recent research has shown that boys as young as 8 struggle with body image, 25% of boys between the ages of 10 and 14 are dieting to lose weight,[i] and 41% of boys aged 13 to 19 are dissatisfied with their bodies. A study conducted by the authors of The Adonis Complex indicated that when given a choice between body types, more than half of boys aged 11 to 17 chose a figure that possessed about 35 pounds more muscle than they possessed themselves—an ideal that for most males can only be attained by using steroids.[ii]

Where does male body dissatisfaction originate? Researchers point to “the lean but muscular male ideal increasingly portrayed in advertising and other media,” which could be “as harmful for men as thin ideals are for women.”[iii] Studies also note that many of the earliest messages boys receive about the ideal male body come from television, movies, and toys.[iv]

Superman in 2001

Superman in 2001

Superheroes, as the epitome of masculinity in children’s popular culture, shoulder at least some of the blame for boys’ body image problems. Whether flying through the sky, swinging on a web between skyscrapers, or tackling a criminal to the ground, their physical feats take precedence over any other attributes they may possess. Carrying out such heroic exploits requires a certain physique—one that was evident in the muscular superheroes of my childhood but has reached new extremes in today’s animated heroes.

A comparison of images from the 1970s series Super Friends and today’s Justice League shows how much these characters have grown. Today’s incarnations of Superman and Batman are significantly larger in the chest and shoulders than the older versions, with one author claiming that Batman’s shoulders have “morphed from one fourth of his height to almost half of his height.”[v] Even B-list Justice League hero Aquaman has changed from a fit and defined half-man/half-fish to a hulking Neptune-like character with gigantic biceps.

Action figures have also bulked up. Although not a superhero in the conventional sense, G.I. Joe is a popular male action figure whose 1964 version, when translated into human terms, had a 44-inch chest and 12-inch biceps. By the mid 1990s, Joe’s chest had expanded to 55 inches and his biceps to a highly unrealistic 27.2 inches.[vi] One version of the Wolverine action figure, when translated to a man of 5 feet 10 inches tall, would have biceps of 32 inches—just one inch less than his waist. Newer action figures based on wrestlers and martial arts fighters have similar proportions.

Physiques like these put action figures into or beyond bodybuilder range—not exactly the average man. By way of comparison, bodybuilder Steve Reeves—a man who was considered to have had the most perfectly proportioned (and drug-free) body ever—had a chest measurement of 52 inches, a waist of 29 inches, and biceps of 18.25 inches each.[vii]

According to The Adonis Complex, the danger of exposing young boys to such extremes is that children are not old enough to stop and question whether the level of muscularity in their favorite action heroes is realistic. This constant, distorted messaging about the ideal male body, present in boys’ lives from preschool age through their adult years, can have a considerable negative impact. Body image is closely tied to self-esteem in boys, especially among those who are short in stature or late developing. In fact, appearance is more important for most teenage boys than academic or athletic achievement, or even peer acceptance. Some studies have also shown that boys with a negative body image are more prone to depression.

Adding to the problem is that most parents are unaware of body image issues in their sons. They may be attuned to similar problems in their daughters but many assume that body dissatisfaction does not affect boys. Cultural imperatives dictating that boys should not talk about their concerns exacerbate the problem. As boys get older, they often internalize their worries about their bodies and, “in the absence of feedback from their families … listen to other voices,” including television and other pop culture outlets that perpetuate the over-muscled masculine ideal. [viii]

Is it time for our sons to bid adieu to Superman and other action heroes? I wouldn’t go that far. But it is time for parents and caregivers to increase their vigilance and mediate the negative messages pop culture sends young boys about manhood, masculinity, and body image.


[i] Hall, Joseph. “Young children feel the weight of body image.” The Toronto Star. August 27, 2009.

[ii] Pope, Harrison et al. The Adonis Complex. (New York: Touchstone, 2000), 28, 174.

[iii] Tiggeman, Marika. “Media Influences on Body Image Development” in Body Image: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice. (New York: The Guilford Press, 2002), 96.

[iv] Corson, Patricia Westmoreland and Arnold E. Andersen. “Body Image Issues Among Boys and Men” in Body Image: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice, 193.

[v] Etcoff, Nancy. Survival of the Prettiest. (New York: Doubleday, 1999), 179.

[vi] Pope, Harrison et al, 41-42.

[vii] Biography of Steve Reeves, accessed March 14, 2010, http://www.stevereeves.com/bio-bodybuilder.asp.

[viii] Pope et al, 46, 179, 193-194

Crystal Smith is a social media and marketing writer who, after being regularly disappointed by the film and television offerings available to her two young sons, decided to write about the impact of kids’ popular culture on young boys in her upcoming book The Achilles Effect and on her blog at www.achilleseffect.com.

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Ads Featuring “Average Joes” Just as Effective

Study finds that male consumers respond equally to ads featuring everyday guys OR male models. Photograph by: Photos.com, canada.com
Study finds that male consumers respond equally to ads featuring everyday guys OR male models. Photograph by: Photos.com, canada.com

Study finds that male consumers respond equally to ads featuring everyday guys OR male models. Photograph by: Photos.com, canada.com

A recent study in the Body Image journal reports that advertisements that feature everyday males are just as effective as those with super buff male model types. In fact, given the choice between the latter and no model at all, study participants chose no model. The ads were evaluated by both men and women, with consistent results across the board. The study does not mention females — and though there are notable standouts like Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty, it seems sadly unlikely that the result would be the same for ads with women. We’d love to know — what do you think? Are ads with “average” men — and women– just as effective as those with the Adonises and supermodels?

Read more at the Vancouver Sun.

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Deprivation and Dehydration Standard for Male Models

Male model Daniel Martin for Men's Health magazine

“You, too, can’t have a body like this” by Peta Bee at The Times Online

Male model Daniel Martin for Men's Health magazine

Male model Daniel Martin for Men's Health

Daniel Martin regularly puts his body through hell. For days at a time he restricts fluid intake so severely that the resulting dehydration causes headaches, haziness and overwhelming fatigue. Having trained for weeks like an Olympian with high-intensity circuits, running and weightlifting, he then cuts out exercise for 48 hours and opens a bottle of red wine to drink alone. A six-day carbohydrate-depletion diet, in which he eats little more than chicken and broccoli, leaves his muscles weak and his brain so starved of glycogen, its source of fuel, that he feels dizzy and disorientated when he stands up. He can barely walk, let alone hit the gym. And the reason for this torturous ritual of self-deprivation? Martin is preparing to bare his abs in a photoshoot for the cover of one of Britain’s top-selling men’s magazines. At 33, Martin is a veteran of the fitness model circuit, his finely etched torso having gleamed from the pages of Men’s Health, the market leader, more often than that of any other cover model. He has the body and looks that epitomise what men (and women) have come to perceive as the pinnacle of masculine attractiveness. Part of the allure is that this Adonis-like beauty is seen as somehow attainable through hard work and a sensible diet. While female models are criticised for fuelling the rise in eating disorders by looking underweight, their male counterparts have largely escaped such adverse scrutiny. By and large, we have collectively assumed that those rippling abs represent the result of the kind of gym-dedication and healthy living that can only be admired. Behind the abs, though, is a far from wholesome reality.

Last week the male fashion industry was criticised when one mannequin manufacturer brought out a super-skinny model with highly defined abs and a tiny 27in waist. According to Beat, the eating disorders charity, such unattainable images pile on the pressure that can cause low self-esteem, body-image issues and eating disorders in vulnerable young men.

Yet Martin’s modelling career depends on the pursuit of that ideal.

For the full story, visit The Times Online

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Dove: Redefining Male Beauty

Dove Men ad

Dove Men ad

By Sharon Haywood

Is male beauty found in ripped abs and bulging biceps? Is a man deemed attractive by the car he drives? Or by how much money he earns? If you look at commercials geared toward men as an indicator, you would have to deduce that square jawlines, snazzy sport cars, and a thick wallet equate with masculine attractiveness. But one commercial that aired for the first time during Super Bowl XLIV presented a refreshing alternative.

Dove’s marketing team, Unilever didn’t use a buff model to promote its new skin care line, Men+Care. Instead, the spot (dubbed The Journey to Comfort), features a man that some male consumers can identify with: A thirty-something family guy who has successfully navigated gender-specific milestones to arrive at ‘being comfortable in his own skin.” According to Marketing Week online, Dove’s Men+Care’s brand manager, Paul Connell states:

Dove is proud of its pioneering approach to women and with this new campaign for Dove Men+Care we now have a fresh approach to men as well. We’re taking a light hearted approach and acknowledging the life events that help men become comfortable with who they are, without a cheesy grooming stereotype in sight.

Dove certainly has much to be proud of. Its Campaign for Real Beauty for women continues to be celebrated for stomping all over stereotypes by using women of various sizes, shapes, ages, and races in its ads. As far as the company’s advertising efforts for the men’s line goes, it’s off to a good start. But it could be better. According to Unilever’s own research, “three quarters of men feel misrepresented by way men are represented in ads.” The research involved over 7,000 men between the ages of 30 and 55 from Brazil, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. One can’t help but question why Dove did not include men of various races and ages in its debut commercial. As well, it’s probably safe to assume that lanky, pudgy, slight, and paunchy men constituted a good number of those polled by Unilever. But the ad didn’t include these types of men either.

Representatives at Dove and Unilever are hoping their current ad campaign will generate conversation about what truly encompasses male beauty. The Journey to Comfort is a solid first step. But initiating an honest and engaging dialogue surrounding the breadth of male beauty requires Dove to take similar sorts of risks it did with the woman’s campaign. Here’s hoping that future commercials for Men+Care take it to the next level and represent all shades and shapes of men. Wrinkles, flab, and baldness included.

Watch the commercial and check more about Men+Care at Dove’s website.

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Dove and Diversity: Not Just for Women

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Media Causing More Men to Pursue “Ideal” Body

superman

 

Bikini season’s fast approaching, and while women may worry about what they look like, a new study suggests men are becoming just as concerned about sculpting their own bodies. University of Florida researchers have found that men with lower self esteem may be trying to compensate by bulking up fast. As muscularity’s become even more a symbol of “ideal” body image in advertising and entertainment, the study shows that more and more men are choosing to alter their body image through quick fix methods like steroids rather than traditional exercise.

Read More: University of Florida News – Male Body Image.

 

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Ads Featuring “Average Joes” Just as Effective

Deprivation and Dehydration Standard for Male Models

Dove and Diversity: Not Just for Women

Dove: Redefining Male Beauty

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Male body snarking and Jon Hamm’s “Muffin Top”

SNL skit with Jon Hamm's "muffin top"

by Guest Contributor Tami, originally published at What Tami Said

SNL skit with Jon Hamm's "muffin top"

SNL skit with Jon Hamm's "muffin top"

Actor Jon Hamm (“Mad Men”), like Justin Timberlake and Alec Baldwin, has revealed himself to be a host with the comedic power to redeem the increasingly unfunny “Saturday Night Live.” Hamm hosted the show this past Saturday with musical guest Michael Buble. The skit, “Hamm and Buble,” where the actor menacingly coerces Buble into “partnering” on a pork and champagne-themed restaurant is easily as unforgettable as Timberlake’s “Omeletteville” or Baldwin’s holiday classic “Schwetty Balls”

Hamm has great timing and gamely goes “all in” on his sketches. It is particularly refreshing that the actor, best known for playing a traditionally handsome, chiseled-jaw-wielding alpha male, doesn’t seem precious about his reputation as a Hollywood hunk; he has no compunction about looking or playing the fool. On that, Salon Broadsheet writer Mary Elizabeth Williams and I agree.

I’m a bit disappointed, though, by Williams’ decision to take pot shots at what she calls Hamm’s “muffin top” in the following digital short:

…what really got us hot and bothered was his eagerness to take off his shirt ? revealing a body so downright normal it was almost cuddly….

In a digital short early in the episode, Hamm was Sergio, the well-oiled, ponytailed,
saxophone-playing manifestation of a Gypsy curse. Tormenting Andy Samberg with
his smooth jazz, he loomed over his victim, flaunting visible muffin top. Read more…

What I see in that (pretty funny) short is a better-than-average, fit male body–perhaps not the fat-free, six-packed body of a Calvin Klein underwear model, but certainly the body of someone who makes their living fitting within prevailing beauty standards. Pretending that Jon Hamm’s body is “cuddly” and muffin-topped seems as silly, and potentially damaging to the understanding of realistic body standards, as pretending Jennifer Lopez and models Lara Stone  and Crystal Renn (constantly called out for their atypical model physiques) are big gals.

Our society’s collective body dysmorphia is so acute that we are unable to tell the difference between what an average, healthy and fit body looks like and what prevailing Hollywood and beauty industry standards look like. And we miss the fact that these two measures are completely unrelated.

A feminist columnist, though, should understand a thing or two about unrealistic body standards, imposed as they are most heavily on women. We cannot rail against no-body-fat standards for our sisters, but then call out a man with the barest of tummy jiggle for having a “muffin top.” We can’t zing media for spending too much time on actresses’ bodies and too little on their actual talents, but then make a review of an actor’s appearance on a comedy show all about his body. We can’t dismiss media who want to make size 4 Lara Stone a poster girl for the average woman (actually, the plus-sized woman) and then pretend Jon Hamm is a body double for the average guy.

This kind of thing doesn’t play any better when a woman does it. And it ultimately undermines any progress we make in dismantling unrealistic body standards.

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