If You’re Fat, Your Paycheck Might Not Be

3329603554_aec25e3c64

By Ashley-Michelle Papon

When it comes to cultural and social inequalities between men and women, the wage gap is one of the most widely accepted yet paradoxically ignored aspects of the gendered disparity. For over 30 years, equal pay has been the law of the land, though numerous independent studies have established that working women who clock 40 hours still make, on average, 77 cents to their male counterpart’s dollar. Furthermore, earlier this year, The Washington Post reported on some surprising findings that a person’s body size has more to do with the size of their paycheck than previously believed.

“The study found that thin women are paid significantly more than their average-size counterparts, while heavier women make less,” Amelia Rayno writes on Jan. 29. “Skinnier-than-average men, on the other hand, cash smaller paychecks than their average-weight peers.” Rayno goes on to quote Teresa Rothausen-Vange, a management professor at the University of St. Thomas, who explains that skinny men are considered “less-than-manly” while thin women make for a more attractive corporate image.

However, uncovering that the workforce is enabling and perpetuating unrealistic physical standards of attractiveness is old hat. What makes The Post’s report so shocking is contained several paragraphs down where Rayno reveals staggering results: Men on the smaller side earn $8,000 less than their more beefy male peers, a paltry amount in comparison to the women’s results. According to the study, thinner women earned more than $16,000 a year than their heavier co-workers.

Attempting to deconstruct all of the social mores that fuel the pay schism would require a blog post the length of Atlas Shrugged, but let’s examine a few of the more thought-provoking issues here. To begin with, it’s worth noting that the pay disparity between the two different male body types is still considerably less than the wage gap between men and women, particularly for women of color. This suggests that although the corporate world is hostile to people of size, men, particularly white men, have a leg up on the female competition.

That certainly seems to be supported by a study completed by Michigan State University researchers in April of 2009, which examined a control group of 1,000 bosses from companies in the United States. The study, published in the British Journal Equal Opportunity International, went on to conclude that being “overweight” didn’t appear to hurt men’s chances for professional advancement unless they were considered “obese,” while women were hindered by being considered “overweight” and “obese.”

Although the study validates what factivists have been saying regarding discrimination in the work place, it also exposes a flaw in the methodology of such information-gathering. The Michigan State University researchers carried out their study by asking medical professionals to rate the executives as overweight or obese based on the Body Mass Index, commonly referred to as the BMI, a formula that has been debunked in recent years for being grossly inaccurate. The results are made even more suspect due to the fact that the medical professionals only had photographs of the executives to go on, challenging the veracity of how objective the study actually was.

This isn’t to dispute that there is an obvious phobia towards persons of size because the instances of fat discrimination appear to be on the rise, but rather to illustrate how wily the problem is. Much like the Supreme Court’s standard on pornography, nobody can define what being healthy looks like as a universal precedent, but plenty of people think they have been granted the magical power to recognize it on sight. There is no standardized rubric with which to visually judge whether someone is “overweight,” but that doesn’t seem to deter some people from trying.

Although these findings affirm that employers are likely to rely on their own prejudices of weight to determine an employee’s worth, they also signal a strong need for political change to challenge the dominant, aesthetic narrative. Until such reform happens, it is not unreasonable to conclude that the pay gap may snowball into a pay canyon.

Related content:

NYTimes Writer Barely Apologizes for her Discriminatory Remarks Against Fat People

Jennifer Jonassen: A Sizeless Star

Lagerfeld Sets Aside Fat Phobia for Renn

Carrie Fisher Joins the Ongoing Star War Against Fat

Why Being Fat Is–and Isn’t–All That

Size and Sardine Packed Southwest Airlines

Weight Stigma: Breaking it Down with Advocate and Activist Marilyn Wann

 

Post to Twitter

Fat and Happy: Why “The Biggest Loser” Loses

bwfat

I have struggled with weight all my life–mostly because in my younger years I was unable to accept that my larger frame was natural and healthy for me. Unhappy with a 12, I dieted and deprived and fretted over calories, and wound up a 14. Unhappy with that size, I measured and counted and starved my way into a 16. Wash, rinse and repeat…from high school until my 30s. It has taken an excellent nutritionist; the quelling of my fashion magazine habit; deeper understanding of the food and diet industries; consumption of tons of body-positive writing; and 20 years of growing up and gaining body confidence and self -assurance to get to a place where I have a reasonable relationship with food and my body.

I have come to understand that proper nutrition, a whole foods diet and exercise are important. I try to incorporate all three into my life, but when I fail, I know that it is not a moral issue. I am not “good” for eating a carrot, nor am I “bad” for eating carrot cake. I know that weight, on its own, is not a reliable determinant of health. Nor is weight a determinant for beauty and desirability. Society, though, often conflates the body type du jour with what health “looks” like. I have learned to notice the ways that sexism and racism play out in the notions of what women should look like and how much space they are allowed. Perhaps most importantly, I have learned that my jeans size is of minor significance in comparison to the rest of my life. More important than wedging my hips into a size 8 is that I have love, laughter, adventure, learning, excitement, career challenges, friends, etc. A tiny booty does not a successful life make–no matter what all those ads and overwrought articles in lady mags say. I believe all these things, and so, also believe that weight and weight loss take up far too much of the American psyche and conversation. (To no good end, as our eating and exercise habits have only become worse as our obsession with weight grows.)

I pondered these things as I sat down last week to watch yet another season of “The Biggest Loser.” Knowing what I know, and believing what I believe, why am I watching this show with its sad fatty stories, shrieking trainers and lose-weight-at-all-costs ethos? Why can’t I shake the automatic elation I feel at weight loss–mine or someone else’s? The promise of body transformation is like a siren song that is hard, I think, for any modern woman to completely ignore, no matter how feminist, fat positive and educated about the food industrial complex she is.

There is no avoiding certain modern body-image truisms:

- Smaller is always better
- Losing weight is always good
- Fatness is symbol of life failure; weight loss equals life success

It is this last point that is really bothering me this week. This notion that, no matter what other joys your life may hold, you cannot be happy and successful if the numbers of the scale aren’t “right.” Closely tied to this widely-held belief is the idea that fat bodies are almost always caused by some sort unhappiness-inducing trauma. This year’s season of “The Biggest Loser” (TBL) seems to embrace both of these views, I think, to the detriment of its contestants.

Season 8 of TBL is all about the dramatic, sad story. One contestant lost her husband, young daughter and new baby in a tragic car accident; another spent her life in the foster care system. All around, there is much teariness and talk of broken lives. It’s not that the contestant’s stories are not moving, it’s just that the assembled group seems designed to reinforce the idea that overweight is always catastrophic. No one can be 50 pounds above the “norm” because of genetics or slowed metabolism or medication or illness or a fondness for baked goods. Something really, really bad must have happened to you if let yourself get big enough to wear a size 18 or a 40-inch waist pant.

But there was a moment in last week’s episode of TBL that really triggered my ire and highlighted why I think the show ultimately fails its contestants and the millions who watch hoping to find peace with their bodies. Jillian Michaels, the show’s hard-bodied, trainer-come-drill sergeant, berated contestant, Julio, for suggesting that he is happy aside from his weight. The conversation basically went:

“You CANNOT be happy at 400+ pounds!”

“But I am happy…”

“You ARE NOT happy!”

“But I have a wonderful family…”

“You CANNOT be happy!”

Jillian eventually wore Julio down until he admitted the only thing he was successful at was food.
So, we are to believe that nothing in Julio’s life: not his wife, not his children, not his friends, not his career, NOTHING might possibly make him happy as long as he is a fat, fatty McFatterson. How ridiculous and dehumanizing.

What I find perplexing about the weight we give, well, weight, is this. Yes, eating well-balanced and nutritious meals and getting regular exercise are good things to do. Being active and a good eater are two positive human traits. So is being neat. So is being curious. So is being generous. So is being well organized. So is being smart with money. Are eating well and working out the most important things anyone can do–so important that to not do them perfectly results in complete and utter failure and sadness? Actually, I think the trait TBL advocates is actually thinness not healthy eating and exercise, thus the low-calorie, restrictive diet and grueling workout sessions that regularly make contestant’s vomit or wind up at the hospital. Is thinness the most important thing in life?

Picture a woman. She’s about 35. She has a long-term romantic partner whom she loves and who treats her wonderfully. She is a the top of her career and thanks to her success has earned several of life’s “goodies,” including an awesome apartment, a wardrobe to die for and the ability to travel around the world (her favorite). She also takes time to give back to the community; she’s a “big sister” to a young girl and takes her on adventures once a week. Our woman has a strong support network of family and friends and an active social life. Not especially religious, she does take time for reflection and meditation.

Sound like a pretty good life?

Oh, I forgot something: This woman is overweight, say 250 lbs (about the size of several of TBL’s female contestants). Despite her sedentary office job, she does make an effort to stay active, taking weekly dance classes and biking in the park. But like most of us, she finds exercise hard to fit in when life gets hectic or the weather is bad. Frankly, she is more inclined to read a book or go see a movie than exercise. She likes good, rich food and realizes that she probably eats out too much–it’s so much easier than cooking. Her problem isn’t so much what she eats, but how much. She often eats beyond the point where she is satisfied. Nevertheless, she is relatively healthy. Regular exams show good blood pressure, but bad cholesterol levels that are just a bit too high.

Let’s assume that, if she were to cook more, be stricter about getting in physical activity and learn to read hunger cues, our fictional woman’s body would naturally settle at a lower weight. (It might not. She comes from a family of tall and large people.) So what? I mean…really…so what? Does her failure to do these things trump everything else wonderful in her life? Should her sole focus in life–a life that certainly looks pretty damned good–be to become acceptably thinner? Should she be unhappy and put her life on hold until she gets her food consumption and level of physical activity under control? And if she doesn’t choose to focus on improving these things, is this lapse any worse than the fact that she, maybe, procrastinates alot or is sometimes late or is forgetful?

What I’m asking is: Why is the weight issue–the food issue–so much bigger than anything else?

There is another TBL contestant–a pretty, young woman named Rebecca, who frequently cries about being the girl with “such a pretty face.” (People can be such assholes.) In last week’s episode of TBL, at a dinner with trainers Jillian and Bob Harper, Rebecca broke down and sobbed how much she wants a family and children and a life. She cried that she wanted to be thought of as the total package and not just a face. I wanted to reach through the TV set and tell her that her life had nothing to do with her weight; that she was beautiful; that plenty of fat folks have families and husbands and boyfriends and friends; that waiting to live until you fit into a size 8 is stupid and ultimately a bad idea. That’s what I wanted to say. Bob and Jillian, though, just nodded, all sympathetic and po-faced: Yes, pathetic fatty, you are right to have poor self esteem. But don’t worry, we will pound your body into submission and you will be thin and thus worthy of all the things you want.

Seems to me that self-worth and happiness are what every human being deserves, regardless of size. It would seem that if you want to teach people to take better care of their bodies through good nutrition and exercise, the first step is teaching them to love their bodies and themselves. The first step would seem to be teaching them to love life NOW, not 50 pounds from now.

Thinness does not cause happiness, and someone should tell the folks at “The Biggest Loser” this. People can and should be fat and happy.

Image: The Fat Woman, Aubrey Beardsley, 1894, Tate Gallery.

Originally published at What Tami Said. Cross-posted with permission.

Related Content:

TV’s Fat and Happy. Not Quite.

Post to Twitter

Huff Post’s “Craziest Birth Stories of All Time” is Hateful Modern Day Freak Show

Picture 10

Banking on a dark history where bodily difference in disabled people, people of color, fat people, and LGBTQ people has equated freakish, abominations of God, The Huffington Post has fallen off the deep end to lure its readers. Instead of informing us around the evolving ethics and politics around birth and body across the globe, The Huffington chose to do a story that reads more like a circus freak sideshow than a slide show.

Step Right Up, Ladies and Gents! We’ve Got The Fat Lady, and all Kinds of Ethnic Curiosities that Will Boggle Your Mind and Frighten Your Senses! The Huffington’s got:

 

The Fat Lady

For this story, the fact that this expectant mother is obese seems more shocking to readers than the fact that she is pregnant twice with two different due dates. This story spawned hateful, misogynistic comments like: Are you sure she just isn’t disgustingly, morbidly obese? Or how about: How can they tell she is pregnant? Need I say more?

Ethnic Curiosities

Lali, is the North Indian baby with two faces who, according to the Associated Press is “being worshipped as the reincarnation of a Hindu Goddess.” Another girl born with 8 Limbs is being revered because she looks like the multi-limbed Hindu goddess Lakshmi. Music and voiceovers for both stories play up the subjects as pitiable, exotic, and superstitious simpletons who believe birth defects are signs of the divine. This patronizing portrayal perpetuates stereotypes and solidifies the idea that Western culture is better than all others.

Oldest Mother of Twins

So determined to have a son, Omkari Panwar who was 70-years-old, underwent IVF treatments and got pregnant. She gave birth to twins–a boy and a girl. The implication being that her exotic culture dictates she must have a son even as an old woman. A notion that educated, cultured people like us would have the sense not to do. With a little research, however, it’s pretty easy to find out about the Spanish white woman gave birth to twins at age 67.

Half Man-Half Woman or The Bearded Lady

Oh yeah, let’s not forget about Thomas Beatie, the Asian American “man who used to be a woman but went through chest reconstruction and hormone therapy, gave birth to a child last year.” His crazy birth story is listed as well.

(Black) Mother of Twins from Two Different Fathers

“Mia Washington gave birth to twin boys last year who are actually half brothers. Jordan and Justin shared a womb but not a father. Their mother had sex with two different men during the same ovulation cycle–one in which her body had released two eggs that were fertilized separately.” This piece reinforces the stereotype that Black women have multiple baby daddies, so much so they can have twins in the process.

These body “anomalies” are known biological occurrences that can happen in all animal species naturally or through scientific means. Objectifying these folks as “crazy” curiosities who should be studied as objects based on their bodily and ethnic differences breeds fear and perpetuates stereotypes, prejudice and inequality. Also, portraying difference as “abnormal” is not just crude and insensitive, it is dangerous and invites ridicule, discrimination and violence towards disabled people, people of color, fat people, and LGBT folks. What’s scary is the piece ignores the history of Eugenics, where images likes these were used to make the case for controlling populations that exhibited undesirable traits to the human race, like being fat, thin, dark skinned, or with birth defects. Great job Huffington Post, Hitler would be proud.

Post to Twitter

Caster Semenya’s True Identity Is Up to Her

semenya

Gotta love the ongoing coverage around Caster Semenya, the South African runner whose gender has been questioned since her victory last month at the 2009 World Championships. Not only does this issue raise questions around gender and privacy, it also shows how absolutely skewed our conceptions of beauty and femininity are.

In his piece Embattled Track Star Caster Semenya Gets New Coach, New Look, Yahoo sports writer, Chris Chase comments:

First, one of her South African coaches quit the team in shame for not telling Semenya that she was being subjected to gender tests. (Semenya had thought she was taking a doping test.) Then, Semenya appeared on the cover of South Africa’s You magazine with a complete makeover designed to silence critics who insist she is a man.

BTW in the interview Semenya says, “I see it all as a joke, it doesn’t upset me. God made me the way I am and I accept myself.”

For the shoot Semenya sported a less ambiguous hairstyle, a designer black dress, jewelry, makeup and nail polish. Despite what you think about the whole situation, it’s safe to say that this is the first time that Semenya has truly looked like an 18-year old woman.

Really, hmmm. I better rush out and get a makeover that includes nails, hair, designer dress and jewelry, cuz without ‘em I must not look like a 37-year-old woman. What have I been thinking all these years, dressing the way I want?

Carter attempts to sympathize with the makeover ambush by saying:

Let’s hope this is what she wants though.

Nothing Semenya has done in the past month has suggested that she likes to wear dresses, get manicures and let down her hair. After the controversy broke, she kept her cornrows, wore baggy clothes and pounded her chest in victory like a college football cornerback?

But if Semenya was pressured to do this to silence her critics, then this is a sad story rather than one of retribution.

Of course she was pressured to do this. I’m sure she said to herself, “Wow, now that my gender is in question I am soooo excited to get a makeover!”

So? What does a woman look like? And what are the implications of having your complete identity challenged and another one imposed onto you?

Tami over at What Tami Said makes some great points on the subject.

What do you think?

Related content:

Can Kharma Crush Stereotypes in Women’s Wrestling?

Lindsey Vonn Sports Illustrated Cover PICTURE: Photo Causes Controversy

Post to Twitter

TV’s Fat and Happy. Not Quite.

bigloserthree

Lately I’ve been noticing a surge in TV shows that feature fat folks. And while at first I thought the exposure was great, looking more closely I see that any exposure doesn’t necessarily mean good exposure. Especially when magazines like US feature former Biggest Loser contestants and their perfect Hollywood style weddings, sending the message that getting thin grants you access to love and happiness. Recently, the blog the F-Word wrote a great piece about the representation of fat people in the media.

With the exception of weight-loss shows like “The Biggest Loser” and TLC’s series of sideshow freak programs like “The Half-Ton Mom,” fat people are conspicuously absent from television. One recent study found that while some 60 percent of Americans are overweight or obese, only 24 percent of male characters and 13 percent of female characters were fat.  And the roles are as token as the actors, especially for women and even more starkly, for black women. Fat characters are more likely to be in minor roles, less likely to be involved in romantic relationships, have fewer positive interactions than thin characters, and were often made the butt of jokes.

Read More: New fat TV shows a plus? » The-F-Word.org

Related content:

Pop Culture’s Relentless Battle with Body Image

The Reality Behind the Quest to be “The Biggest Loser”

What Reality TV Taught Me About Sluts, Waifs, Douchebags and Angry Black Women

Khloe Can’t Keep Up with the Kardashians’ Body Standards

Post to Twitter

Editor of Self Gets Her Photoshopping Ass Handed to Her

clarkson

You gotta go to the blog of Lucy Danziger, the editor-in-chief of Self magazine and read all the comments from readers who aren’t buying the lame excuse for photoshopping the hell out of Kelly Clarkson for the cover of this month’s Total Body Confidence issue. Most of Self’s blog readers say that as a result of the blog entry and their disgust with the editor’s statements, they are dropping their subscriptions and/or calling for the editor to resign.

Just like many of Self’s readers, I decided to give Lucy, the editor, a piece of my mind. Who knows if all of our protests will lead to any real change at the magazine. Regardless, read the piece and the comments. It’s quite amazing to see how fed up women are with being bombarded with manipulated images of perfection 24/7.

In regards to her recent weight gain, this is what Kelly had to say:

“When people talk about my weight, I’m like, ‘You seem to have a problem with it; I don’t. I’m fine!’ I’ve never felt uncomfortable on the red carpet or anything.”

Check out my comment that I posted on the blog. I’ve included it below.

——————————————-

I am appalled by your justification for digitally manipulating your cover of Kelly Clarkson. You digitally enhancing your personal photos so that you can feel better about the way you look is your choice. To draw a parallel between your personal choice and your job as a magazine editor makes no sense. Your personal choices only impact you. By “correcting” Kelly, *you* are choosing how you (as an editor with commercial interests) want Clarkson to appear in the public arena.

Clarkson is a role model because she is confident with her body, works out and has an amazing career. Millions of women and girls see her as someone they can relate to and the way you portray her has an impact.

One study done of 550 teens found that almost 70% stated that pictures in magazines (like yours) influence their conception of the “perfect” body shape.

To manipulate the cover of your Total Body Confidence issue is deceptive and irresponsible. You hold the key to your reader’s body confidence. Please take your job more seriously.

You say in your blog,

“Did we alter her appearance? Only to make her look her personal best.”

The assumption you make is that her “personal best” means whatever falls along your narrowly defined beauty standards. Following your logic, an artist of Clarkson’s stature isn’t her “personal best” until your team narrows her hips and thighs and make a picture that pleases YOU. Wow, I thought this was the 21st century, where women are accomplished for what they do–not how they look.

You also can’t back pedal on this issue by asking us to think about our photographs and what we want them to convey. We are not celebrities, public figures, or roles models that grace the covers of magazines for millions of people to see. And please don?t tell us to

“go ahead and be confident in every shot, in every moment. Because the truest beauty is the kind that comes from within.”

Until you authentically promote body confidence and show Kelly Clarkson on your cover as she really looks, your words are meaningless. It’s called editorial integrity-look it up.

Related content:

Kardashian’s Cellulite: A Complex Controversy

Is Airbrushing On Its Way Out?

Putting “Proper” Clothes on Mariah Carey.

In the Name of Girls: The AMA Calls for Magazine Ads to End Photoshopping Bodies

Debenhams Breaks Fashion Protocol Again

Warning Labels on Photoshopped Models? “Oui” Say the French

Post to Twitter